Essay on James Joyces Araby - Araby as Epiphany for the...

James Joyces Dubliners - Araby as Epiphany for the Common Man Joseph Campbell was one of many theorists who have seen basic common denominators in the myths of the worlds great religions, Christianity among them, and have demonstrated how elements of myth have found their way into non-religious stories. Action heroes, in this respect, are not unlike saints. Biblical stories are, quite simply, the mythos of the Catholic religion, with saints being the heroes in such stories. The Star Wars film saga is, according to Campbell, an example of the heros maturation via the undertaking of a great quest. Though it is a safe assumption that many of todays film makers are unconscious of the extent to which their narratives approach†¦show more content†¦Armed with a florin held tightly in his hand, the boy embarks on his journey to the bazaar, his self-assigned mission being to purchase a gift for his beloved. The gift is to be a gestured to liberate Mangans sister--in spirit if not in body--because she will be with a retreat that week at her conv ent. The journey for him becomes a passage from relative safety and gregariousness into a place of darkness and isolation. It is only there that he comes to a realization--an epiphany. His story follows a similar pattern to the Myth of Orpheus descent into the Underworld, and Mangans sister here doubles for Eurydice. As Eurydice is trapped in the Stygian Realm, Mangans sister is also trapped. We have already mentioned here entrapment by her duty to the convent, which she mentions to the boy while turning a silver bracelet around her wrist, conjuring the image of a manacle fettering her to one spot. And, in a metaphoric sense, she is trapped by the repressive Irish culture from which Joyce voluntarily exiled himself. (Joyce does not hide his disenchantment with his homeland. North Richmond Street is blind--a dead end street. There are images of cold, musty air, darkness, and even odorous ashpits as part of the setting. It can be argued that Joyce is characterizing his Dublin as a hell or Purgatory.) As Orpheus descends into the Underworld for Eurydice, so too does the boy make his descent intoShow MoreRelatedThe Quests Of Araby And A Worn Path984 Words   |  4 Pa gesThe Quests in â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"A Worn Path† Both â€Å"Araby† (1914) by James Joyce, and â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty (1941) pursue life through a journey. The protagonists, Phoenix Jackson in â€Å"A Worn Path† and Joyce’s narrator in â€Å"Araby,† embark on an errand out of love. In â€Å"Araby,† Joyce’s narrator develops an infatuation for Mangan’s sister. He laments, â€Å"I had never spoken to her, except for a few casual words, and yet her name was like a summons to all my foolish blood† (Joyce 200). He volunteers toRead MoreHuman Intuition2406 Words   |  10 Pagescalled an epiphany. An epiphany, as a feeling, is a sudden realization or comprehension of the essence or meaning of something (Wikipedia). An epiphany, in other words, is when someone has found the last piece of the puzzle and now sees the whole picture. An epiphany is accomplished when new information or a new experience, normally insignificant by itself, illuminates a deeper or numin ous foundational frame of reference (Wikipedia). Common clichà ©s, that people use to describe an epiphany, areRead MoreChange: The Seed of Evolution2514 Words   |  11 Pagesrealized is known as an epiphany--a sudden understanding of the nature to an idea or quandary, usually attained through something simple and, sometimes, unassociated (â€Å"Epiphany†). Authors often use this device not only to convey a realization on the part of their character, but also to allude to an internal message (â€Å"Epiphany†). James Joyce employed this device in many of his works in hopes of revealing to his Irish peers the low esteem of their conduct (Bulson 33). James Joyce was born in IrelandRead MoreEssay on James Joyces Araby1177 Words   |  5 PagesJames Joyce was an Irish born author whose descriptions of the mundane life in his hometown of Dublin led to a collection of short stories that include some of the most widely read pieces of British literature. This collection known as the â€Å"Dubliners† contains 15 short stories that each centers around a different group of characters and reveals a new theme about life in the city. In Joyces Araby, part of the â€Å"Dubliners† collection, a young and nameless narrator becomes enamored with his friendRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcoholism In The Dubliners By James Joyce2072 Words   |  9 PagesIreland in his stories is James Joyce. Joyce wrote a collection of short stories, The Dubliners. These short stories take place in Dublin, Ireland. One common theme in all of these stories is the suffering the characters go through. Another theme in all of the stories is alcoholism. Mos t of his stories feature a character who is an alcoholic. The alcoholic tends to create problems for the people around him. By using alcoholics to further the plots of his stories, James Joyce pins the blame for IrishRead MoreSucker And Araby Summary2083 Words   |  9 PagesA Comparison of Adolescence in the Short Stories â€Å"Sucker† and â€Å"Araby† Originating from the Latin verb â€Å"adolescere†, adolescence is the period in which an individual develops personal identity and autonomy in the pursuit of comfortable affiliations, goals and convictions. Narrated by Pete, Carson McCullers’s story â€Å"Sucker† Pete and his cousin Sucker struggle to transition from childhood to adulthood. The story covers a flashback in which the narrator reflects on his relationship with his youngerRead MoreComparing Adolescence And Maturity During The Short Stories Sucker And Araby 2084 Words   |  9 PagesComparing Adolescence and Maturity in the Short Stories â€Å"Sucker† and â€Å"Araby† Adolescence emanates from the Latin verb adolescere which means to grow into maturity. In other words, it is the period in which an individual must establish a sense of personal identity. In the Carson McCullers’s story â€Å"Sucker† two young characters struggle with their transition to adulthood. The narrator Pete, is 16, and the older of the two boys by about three years. The stories action covers an extended flashback inRead MoreSucker By James Joyce Analysis2089 Words   |  9 Pagesaffection, Pete verbally assaults Sucker causing their relationship to deteriorate. On the other hand, James Joyce’s short story Araby, is about a young boy obsessing over a girl who lives across the street. When the young girl mentions her glaring desire to attend a certain bazaar called Araby, he sees this as an opportunity to win her heart; by attending the bazaar himself and bringing her back a gift. Araby to the narrator represents excitement and a chance to prove his love, however, it fills neitherRead MoreJames Joyces Story Araby, By Carson Mccullers2068 Words   |  9 Pagesaffection, Pete verbally assaults Sucker causing their relationship to deteriorate. On the other hand, James Joyce’s short story Araby, is about a young boy obsessing over a girl who lives across the street. When the young girl mentions her glaring desire to attend a certain bazaar called Araby, he sees this as an opportunity to win her heart; by attending the bazaar himself and bringing her back a gift. Araby to the narrator represents excitement and a chance to prove his love, however, it fills neitherRead MoreEssay on James Joyces Araby3507 Words   |  15 PagesJames Joyces Araby I doubt there are book logs that commence with a note directing a reader, specifically you, even though I get the impression from Mr. Little to whom riding between pairs of glasses suggesting that in order to gather a bounty against my beloved head I must be obliged to fathoming on how to receive topic sentences with cradling arms and craters of dimples (have to love formalities, even of those lolling head-stumps, after all, it keeps NATO all trite

My Own Framework Of Play - 1249 Words

has such a great impact on a child’s development and can be seen through their play. This philosophy directly relates to my personal framework of play. Framework of Play My own framework of play takes a great deal from Vygotsky, but takes pieces from both Bronfenbrenner and Piaget and might be seen as having social constructivism tendencies. I tend to see Piaget’s stage theory as lacking in the thought that children’s social interactions plays such a vital role in development, his interpretation of adaptation being part of the process in which accommodation and assimilation are continuously fluctuating and is evident in children (Frost et al, 2011). The exposure to fresh experiences, for children, and being able to integrate them, falls†¦show more content†¦Play is the perfect setting for applying scaffolding techniques, however many different areas of learning are centered around approaches that are directly aligned with using scaffolding as a means to move forward with more difficult educational material. Another important aspect of my framework happens to align with the musings of Bronfenbrenner and his eco logical systems. The way that children gain knowledge and develop throughout a multitude of contexts can be seen as Bronfenbrenner’s most prominent gift for early education (Aldridge, Sexton, Goldman, Booker, Werner, 1997). As was stated previously, the classroom’s cultural environment will continuously change to reflect the particular structure of the child’s cultural influences at home. So in all reality the perspective in which play is approached will be determined by the distinct culture within the classroom. These different variables work together in order to influence development. Since those same variables are not restricted solely to classroom settings, challenges to play may occur. Challenges to Play There are several different background variables that can be anything from diverse cultural upbringings to socio-economic status, as well as anything that would affect how a child comprehends the world around them. These variables have the ability to produce challenges for teachers that are attempting to

Fermentaion Free Essays

string(36) " of prevention should be suggested\." Dilution is achieved by controlling the flow of process water from the dilution tank TUB 1201 into the mixer GAL. 1230. Process water flow rate is controlled to achieve the desired density of the mixed solution. We will write a custom essay sample on Fermentaion or any similar topic only for you Order Now The now diluted C-molasses solution flows into the vapor condensate EAI 1204, where it is preheated by the condensing hot water vapor from the flash tank TUB 1203. The solution is preheated to about 75 to ICC. The preheated solution flows into the hydrothermal GAL. 1231 where the temperature s increased to between 85 to ICC, using the 7 – lobar saturated steam as a heating medium. The then heated solution enters the cyclone IF 210. The cyclone is responsible for removing solid purities that may be present in the concentrated C- molasses. The discharge valve on the cyclone will open periodically to dislodge the cyclone. The diluted, heated and now ‘cleaned’ C-molasses then flows into the intermediate/ Buffer Tank TUB 1202. The tank is equipped with a level indicator control that controls the flow out of this tank maintaining a desired level set point. The stream is then pumped out into the second hydro heater GLOBAL where the temperature is increased to between 121 to ICC, using the 7 – lobar saturated steam. The hydro heater GAL. 1232 is equipped with highly delicate temperature indicator controller; this temperature control is a Critical Control Point. When the temperature drops below ICC, the sterilizer will go into recirculation and will stop feeding forward to the sterile tanks. This is designed to prevent Coli and C. Botulism to enter the sterile tanks. These are harmful micro-organisms that are not suitable to fermentation and human consumption. The heated solution then flows through the retention coils and into flash tank TUB 1203. The flow through the retention coils is controlled at a backslappers of kappa. The coils are interchangeable since there are two coils, one online and the other on standby. The flash tank is kept under vacuum – 35 to -kappa by using the vacuum system. The flash tank TUB 1203 is protected from over-pressuring by pressure relief valve installed into the vacuum system. The vapor leaving the flash tank is condensed by incoming diluted C-molasses in EAI 1240 and forming condensate that flows to the inch separator vessel. This separator easel separates liquid from vapor and also forms a barometric seal into the seal pot. L. DEVELOP DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR THE EFFICIENT OPERATION OF THE PLANT/ SECTION OF PLANT UNDER CONSIDERATION. The diagnostic tool for the efficient operation is a system developed for better and safe way of operating a system. These processes include daily maintenance to ensure that a system is performing at its best. There a programs that is designed for each operation of the plant to maintain stability and safety operation through monitoring. There are alarms installed in the plant to alarm operators of deviation from normal operation of the plant. Deviations can be of process out of specification and danger alarms of hazards in the plant. At Anchor Yeast Durban the company has a dedicated and well developed system of monitoring deviation throughout the plant operation for the efficient operation. There are DOCS and software such as Aurora. Aurora is used for daily operation maintenance and keeping records of the plant operation. Without these systems the plant will be a danger to employees and the surrounding environment. These tools assist in managing and implementing efficient ways of operation of the plant. With the tools it is possible to determine and strategies the optimal peak operation for the plant in the next hour of operation and for the 24 hour of operation. They provide demand response strategy for emergency situations, such as extreme unwanted condition of the plant operation. With these the company always adheres to maintains high standard of delivery to its customers, through meeting schedule timing for the production and safety and cost efficient way of saving energy. Fault Tree Analysis is a broadly used deductive method for the efficient operation of the plant in designs and daily operations to minimize cost F. HAZARD AND OPERABILITY STUDY (HAZARD) OF THE PROCESS OR PART OF THE PROCESS UNDER CONSIDERATION. Hazard and Operability study is the method in which a multi – discipline team performs a systematic study of a process to identify hazard and problems which prevents efficient operation. The technique is applied to new plant development and existing Operations for better and safe Operation. The method is also applied to continuous and batch process. The study provides opportunities to engineers to let their imaginations go free and think of all possible ways in which a hazard or operating problems might arise. Engineers have to ask themselves the following questions when performing HAZED study: What can go wrong? This is the first and most important stage in any hazard study, is to identify the most important things that can go wrong and produce accidents or operating problems. What will be the consequences? Engineers need to know the consequences to employees, members of the public (community), plant and profits, now and in the long term. How can it be prevented? – Safeguard Engineers need to administer controls that will prevent accidents from occurring, or make them less probable and protect people from the consequences. What should be done? – Solution At this stage engineers weigh their options to resolving the accidents, by comparing the risk (that is, the probability times the consequences) with generally accepted codes and standards or with other risk around them. Is it worth the cost? Engineers should compare the cost of prevention with the cost of the accident to see if the remedy (solution) is reasonably practical or they should look for a cheaper but efficient solution. Prevention At this point engineers have come up with a solution but before commencing to put the solution in motion they should assess their solution, I. Perhaps their method of prevention has disadvantages and better methods of prevention should be suggested. You read "Fermentaion" in category "Papers" Figure 1: Hazed Procedure [Figure 2. 1, Peg. 9: Hazed and Hazard Identifying and Assessing Process Industry Hazards, Tremor Klutz 3rd Edition] P. PROBLEM SOLUTION TO A CUSTOMER REQUEST (TECHNICAL REPORT) Unhappy customer s are bad news for the company and the business. It takes one unhappy customer to steer away prospective customers away from the company. Unhappy customers have their reasons. Some customers have unrealistic expectations and some they Just don’t feel well with the business. We must be hones some customers complaint are legitimate and realistic and we as the suppliers we must attend to their complainants with honesty and integrity to build on good customer relationship. Whatever the cause, unhappy customers are our hope for future business and we want them happy again for the business. Customer may not always be right but he or she will always be the customer we want and need. So we need to take care of our customer and take control of their complaints and them to our own advantage. There are seven (7) steps in resolving customer complaint which eave proven to work well. . Listen Intently: Listen to customer and do not interrupt while telling you a complaint. They need to tell their story and feel that they have been heard. 2. Thank Them: Thank the customer for bring the problem to your attention. You cannot resolve a problem that you do not have full details about or solve it on assumptions. 3. Apologies: Sincerely convey to your customer and apology. T his is not the time to make Justification and making excuses. You apologies, that’s it. 4. Seek the Best Solution: Determine what the customer is seeking as a solution, Ask the customer. Reach Agreement: Seek to agree to the solution that will resolve the problem to their satisfaction. 6. Take Quick Action: Act on the problem with a sense of urgency. Customer will respond positively to your focus on helping them immediately. 7. Follow Up: Follow up to make sure that the customer is completely satisfied. TYPICAL CUSTOMER REQUEST AND SOLUTION At anchor yeast we have customers all over the country and across the border. Customer happiness is very valuable to the company and any complaint is attended with urgency and caution. As one of largest yeast making company in South African, e are always under pressure to deliver on time and meet our customer wants and needs, and still performing to our utmost in producing high quality yeast. There are trucks coming in the plant to collect cream yeast and deliver to customers. One of the company that we always work with very closely is Anchor Yeast Johannesburg were most of the cream yeast produced at Anchor Yeast Durban is transported to, for further applications. There are Unitarians coming on daily basis to collect the product. Delays are very stressing the relationship between the two companies. The Unitarians ruckus come from Johannesburg Debug) with molasses to Durban Anchor Yeast. The molasses is a raw material that is used to make yeast. When the trucks come on site they first have to go to the company’s weighbridge before being offloaded. After being weighed the truck is offloaded either Tank offloading point or at the HTML offloading point. Offloading of the truck takes three (3) hours maximum then truck goes back to be weighed. After the truck has been weighed, it goes to the CHIP (Clean In Place) point to be Caped. Coping is a process where the truck is being clean using chlorinated water and Caustic. This process takes one hour (1 her). After the CHIP the truck is ready to be loaded with cream yeast. The loading process takes one hour (1 her). Then after that the truck is ready to go back to Judder with the product. Customer Complaint: Unitarians tankers are taking to long at Anchor Yeast Durban to turn around back to Anchor Judder. Possible causes of delays: At Anchor Yeast Durban there are three companies that come on site to deliver molasses. The Subs Hertz Borders Trucks (GHB) and Gridiron Terminal Trucks and local delivery trucks that that transports cream yeast to Durban based customers ND other customers across the country. When the Unitarians trucks from Judder comes onsite to deliver molasses there are always trucks waiting, loading or offloading molasses. There are only two offloading points at the company. Unitarians have to wait for other trucks which came before to finish offloading and loading. The trucks can sometimes wait for over three hours depending on the number of trucks offloading. Sometimes production of cream yeast is very slow. That means every time the trucks arrives onsite to collect cream yeast, they wait because not enough cream yeast has been produced. The company having to aware of the complaint from the Anchor Yeast Johannesburg, the company came with solutions to the complaint. There was a spreadsheet that was made to record the times the Unitarians come onsite and time finished to offload the truck. The spreadsheet included also the time it took to load a truck. With regard to running low on cream yeast there was a production time table set for everyday that how much needs to be produced and how much will be transported to Judder on daily basis. The number of other truck companies bring molasses was reduced to avoid Unitarians trucks to wait for other trucks to finish. It was also suggested that Unitarians trucks given first priority when comes to offloading. This meant when Unitarians is onsite and there is a truck waiting to be offloaded, the Unitarians truck will offload before the truck to avoid delays. The plant efficiency was increased and more of product was produced and made available for the Unitarians to transport. The implement solution has been running fro couple months now and been evaluated. The solution has been found to be working well and keeping the customer happy. Thought at the beginning the other companies were not happy with Unitarians having o bypass their trucks, but after some negotiations the other companies have come to accept the terms. How to cite Fermentaion, Papers

Application of Aromatic Oil in Lingerie Wear

Question: Describe about the Application of Aromatic Oil in Lingerie Wear. Answer: Chapter 1. Introduction Study Background The main purpose of the research will be to introduce Aromatic lingerie wear which will improve the image of the lingerie and promote their sales. The research will find out ways of using new technology to infuse aromatic oils into the fabric that is used in making lingerie wear (Heath, 1997, pp.1-4). The purpose of employing the use of new technology is to make the lingerie wear more sustainable as well as long lasting. Using new technology also intends to make sure that the good scent remains in the lingerie wear even after they are washed severally. The love for scented wears for ladies among fashion retailers started in the 1960s in Japan. During this period, a custom items organization by the name Kanebo began fabricating ladies wears that were scented. Later, the love for scented ladies wear such as lingerie spread all over the world. In the recent days, aromatic lingerie wear have become common in the market. For instance, International companies such as Woolmark have gone further to establish partnerships with the International Fragrances and Flavours association with the intention of investing in R D activities with various factories around the world dealing in lingerie wears (Vakkari, et al. 2003, pp.445-463). To ensure production of quality and durable lingerie wear, Woolmark employs the use of technology by the name; Sensory Perception Technology textures in the infusion of the aromatic scent into the lingerie wear (Maehle, et al. 2011, pp.290-303). The technology is applied not only in the underwears but also to socks, hosiery, open air apparel, other coverings as well as inside materials. The application of aromatic scent into lingerie has spread so fast to the extent in 2005, another international company by the name Invista; a company that dealt in the manufacture of fibre products such as tactel, supplex, lycra among other body care collections began manufacturing body care collections that could moisturize and infuse fragrance into yarns used to make wears. The research will be based on lingerie wear since it is an essential item among ladies across all classes and age. Statement Of The Problem Notwithstanding the negligence in issues regarding improving the image of lingerie wear, application of oil in lingerie wear has in the recent been on the rise. Contrastingly, there is no single study undertaken to evaluate and report on the measures to be taken to introduce aromatic lingerie wear in the market with the intention of improving the image of lingerie wear. For this reason, the researcher identifies this gap and proposes to conduct a research to find out how the use of new technology in the fashion industry can be used to introduce infusion of aromatic oil into lingerie wear to improve their image as well as durability (Valdivia, 1997, pp.225-250). Significance Of The Problem Evaluating the use of technology in the infusion of aromatic oil in lingerie wear is a significant study which benefits not only the fashion industry and the users of lingerie wears but also to the larger textile industry as well as to the education sector. For instance, the study will identify the use of technology to make the infused aromatic oil last longer in the lingerie even when they are washed severally. Accordingly, study in the use of technology in infusing aromatic oil in the lingerie will enhance technological innovations as well as promote the use of new technology in the textile industry (Nelson, 2001, pp.57-64). Furthermore, the study will help change the cultural orientations that discourage women from exposing lingerie wears. Rationale Of The Study Despite the various technological innovations in the textile industry, little has been done in the technology world to address the image of lingerie wears. Furthermore, for a long time, efforts by women to fight for the production of quality undergarments that they can be proud wearing have been frustrated. As a result, most ladies complain of having to hide their undergarments as they are not attractive enough (Tantiseneepong, et al. 2012, pp.57-69). The research will set out to address this issue by studying the use of technology in the application of aromatic oils in ladies lingerie wear. Research Aim The main aim of this research is to evaluate how technology is used to infuse aromatic oils in lingerie wear to improve the image of ladies undergarments. Objectives Of The Study The main objectives of the study are as follows; To determine the different types of aromatic oil for lingerie wear available in the market. To observe how technology is used to infuse aromatic oil into lingerie wears. To find out how many women prefer lingerie infused with aromatic oil. Study Questions What are the different types of lingerie wear available in the market? How is technology used to infuse aromatic oil in lingerie wear? How many women prefer lingerie wear that is infused with aromatic oil? Literature Review Improvement of the image of lingerie wear has been an issue of great public interest for quite a long time. In appreciation of this fact, various scholars have written literatures addressing this same issue. For instance, according to Ehrlichman and Bastone (1992), application of good scent into lingerie will always enthuse mood, enhance optimism, promote relaxation, boost personal memories and at the same time enhance creative thinking among those putting on the lingerie. Similarly, Pierce et al. (2004) points out that women generally love good odour and as a result the use of good odour in women wears always influences their preferences for people, the objects they interact with as well as the places they visit and the people they interact with. Moreover, Knasko (1995) in his literature on the influence of odours on the purchasing power and the behaviour of consumers observes that people usually flock jewellery sections of a shop that is suffused with pleasant aroma and leave the uncented sections empty (Valdivia, 1997, pp.225-250). He therefore deduced that the use of aroma on personal effects such as lingerie wear will attract many people into buying such items. Moreover, Marc Gobe (2001) points out that the market niche will always be domineered by the retailers who are able to connect on an emotional level with their consumers in issues to do with lifestyle identification such as offering lingerie wear that is made more attractive by application of good scent. Furthermore, researches conducted by Spangenberg et al (1996) confirmed the notion held by Hirsch and who maintain that odours have a significant influence on the consumer purchasing power of lingerie wear in the market. Chapter 2. Research Methodology The research methodology that will be used in this research include using primary both primary and secondary data. For instance, the researcher will gather information by reviewing existing as well as reading the previous reports done in the same area. Similarly, the researcher will conduct a survey using a tool called qualtrics. This is an apparatus found on line that is used to produce and record responses given by those interviewed. The obtained responses are then sent after they have been abridged. The research will use online surveys to create and enable a large number of responses within a short time span. Research Philosophy This research requires use of a sample population. This enables an in-depth investigation while at the same time using qualitative research method. Therefore, this particular research will use interpretivism philosophy. Research Approach Researches can approach given studies using three research approaches including; inductive approach, deductive approach and finally abductive approaches. Deductive approach is usually employed to test the validity of a given research hypothesis, assumptions or theories. Inductive approach on the other hand is used to develop new theories as well as generalizations. Abductive approach begins with puzzles and new and surprising facts hence making the research to be focussed on addressing the surprising facts and the stated puzzles. In this particular research, the researcher will employ the use of inductive research approach. By employing this approach, the researcher will formulate research questions, research aims as well as the objectives to be achieved at the end of the research process. In this research, the research question will be: how is technology used in the application of aromatic oil into lingerie wear to improve the image of the lingerie? Furthermore, the research will use a case study format because case study is practical and hence essential in the realization of the study objectives. Research Design In this research, the researcher proposes to use a descriptive research design by applying the use of case study as mentioned before. The entire research plan is made up of well-formulated research questions as well as research objectives while at the same time defines clearly how data will systematically be collected. Research Strategy In this research, the researcher will use the case study strategy to explore the research problem. The research will seek to establish the importance of technology in infusing aromatic oil in lingerie wear to improve the image of the lingerie. Research Methods This particular research will use various methods to define the data that will be collected as well as define the ways that will be used to collect the data such as qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. Sampling In order to fairly generalise the obtained data, the research will use a fairly small sample of 55 people among the entire population. To ensure that the selected sample is representative of the entire population, the researcher will ensure that the sample possess properties that if investigated will give views that are representative of the entire population. The sample in this case must be made of women who use lingerie wear to give views of behave of the entire population on the use of aromatic infused lingerie wear (Crisan Pop, 2013, pp.10-20). Data Collection Techniques The researcher in an attempt to establish the application of aromatic oil in lingerie wear, will collect both primary and secondary data. For instance, in collecting the primary data, the researcher will assign questionnaires to the 150 participants selected from among the population. The researcher will also conduct interviews with lingerie making companies such as Woolmark in order to obtain data on the use of technology in aromatic infusion in lingerie wear (Mick, et al. 1992, pp.122). Similarly, to obtain secondary data, the researcher will review existing literatures. Data Analysis To allow description of the basic features of the research and present data in a more meaningful manner, the researcher will employ the use of descriptive methods of data analysis to present the data gathered in the study. Furthermore, the researcher will summarize the gathered data in an orderly manner to allow important patterns to emerge from the obtained data. The research will study the use of aromatic lingerie among members of various demographics putting more emphasis on women between the age of 25-34. The research will obtain the percentage of the members of the demographic pattern who would be interested in perfumed lingerie. Similarly, the study will do a quantitative analysis among people from various social classes to establish the social class that will prefer aromatic lingerie wear most. The social classes will range from the employed, unemployed as well as students. Basing on their occupation, the sample group will be asked if they were aware of any aromatic lingerie p roduct in the market. The study will also establish the number of women who use lingerie wear and the amount that each individual would spend on a lingerie wear to establish the best price to charge on a lingerie wear once introduced in the market. Moreover, the study will establish the frequency at which women buy lingerie wear in the market. Furthermore, the study will find out the reaction by various women to different scents and establish the favourite scent among the population. Ethics The researcher will ensure engagement in ethical activities especially when dealing with human beings to avoid conflicts. For instance, the researcher will ask respectful questions that will not be delimiting to anybody among the sample group. Moreover, the researcher will conduct themselves in a manner that is ethically acceptable to all such as ensuring honesty, objectivity, confidentiality, integrity as well as maintaining responsibility whenever publishing any information obtained from the research (Nelson, 2002, pp.55-62). Research Limitation In spite of the excellent effort and dedication put by the researcher to ensure that the study is prepared carefully, the study will be limited by various factors, key among them; The size of the survey is small since the intention of the study will be focused only on a small part of the Australian market which might not be a representative of the entire population. The research questions as designed might not address the main issues in the research. The research questions as outlined are not open ended and as a result may not comprehensively address the issues that might emerge from the research. Conclusion Use of aromatic lingerie wear is increasingly gaining momentum among women. Many if given a choice would choose scented lingerie wear in the market. The few who would not choose the scented aromatic wear is because they lack knowledge to how it looks while at the same time some have not tried them out. The fashion industry should take advantage of this phenomenon to use technology in infusing aromatic oil into lingerie wear as there is a ready market for these improved products. Recommendations Innovation in lingerie wear is a welcomed venture that has improved the image of the wears and in general the confidence of women in the wear. However, more can be done to further improve the world of fashion as pertains to lingerie wear. They include; The age group in the demographic pattern should be changed to make the survey all age inclusive. 25-34 age group is not representative of all women affected by aromatic lingerie wear. Number of male respondents in the survey should be increased to number equal to that of women as the use of scented lingerie wear equally affect men. 5 against 50 is quite unfair. The survey should be expanded to include not only those who buy and use lingerie wear but also members of the public who are affected by the use of aromatic lingerie wear. Bibliography Crisan, R. and Pop, A., 2013. Women As An Advertising Target Versus Women As An Advertising Tool. Academica Science Journal, Economica Series, 2(3), pp.10-20. Groom, N. ed., 1997. New Perfume Handbook. Springer Science Business Media. Heath, A.W., 1997. The proposal in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 3(1), pp.1-4. Nelson, G., 2002. Application of microencapsulation in textiles. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 242(1), pp.55-62. Nelson, G., 2001. Microencapsulation in textile finishing. Review of progress in coloration and related topics, 31(1), pp.57-64. Maehle, N., Otnes, C. and Supphellen, M., 2011. Consumers' perceptions of the dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 10(5), pp.290-303. Mick, D.G., DeMoss, M. and Faber, R.J., 1992. A projective study of motivations and meanings of self-gifts: Implications for retail management. Journal of Retailing, 68(2), p.122. Obbelode, N., 2008. The use of scent and music in the consumer goods marketing. GRIN Verlag. Park, H.H. and Jeon, J.O., 2014. The Effect of the Types of Sex-appeal Fashion POP on Attitude toward Advertising: Focusing on the Moderating Role of Gender and Sensation Seeking. International Journal of Human Ecology, 15(1), pp.64-71. Putz, L.J., 2002. Fragrance extending device and method therefor. U.S. Patent 6,367,706. Rendone, N., 2008. One piece undergarment bodysuit. U.S. Patent 7,318,240. Smith, M.D., 2002. Decoding Victoria's Secret: The Marketing of Sexual Beauty and Ambivalence. Studies in Popular Culture, 25(1), pp.39-47. Tantiseneepong, N., Gorton, M. and White, J., 2012. Evaluating responses to celebrity endorsements using projective techniques. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 15(1), pp.57-69. Vakkari, P., Pennanen, M. and Serola, S., 2003. Changes of search terms and tactics while writing a research proposal: A longitudinal case study. Information processing management, 39(3), pp.445-463. Valdivia, A.N., 1997. Chapter 11: The Secret of My Desire: Gender, Class, and Sexuality in Lingerie Catalogs. Counterpoints, 54, pp.225-250. Vivanco, L., 2012. Jennifer Crusies Literary Lingerie. Journal of Popular Romance Studies, 2(2).

Robert Lewis Stevenson free essay sample

The most prominent literally devise used by Stevenson to create curiosity is the many narratives in the novella by different characters. Although most of the story is told from Mr. Utterson’s point of view (a lawyer and main figure), key parts of the story are told from Dr. Lanyon (friend of Mr. Utterson and Dr. Jekyll) and the ending by Dr. Jekyll (creator of the â€Å"personality-switch† potion and consequently Mr. Hyde). Furthermore, each narrative is transmitted to the reader by different media, such as story-telling, speech and letters. This means that the reader doesn’t just get one point of view of the events, but rather three, each of a different one. This makes the reader curious as to what each narrator will reveal about the happenings in the story and creates much intrigue. A second major devise used in the novella is character. The figure of Mr. Hyde and his secret identity is constantly chased by the main character (Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Robert Lewis Stevenson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Utterson) and is related to all important events in the story (from Dr. Jekyll’s will to Sir Danver’s murder). The reader is never properly described the outer appearance of Hyde since all the information resealed about him comes from second hands, â€Å"he is an extraordinary looking man†¦ I can’t describe him† (page 15). Furthermore the strange connection between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (the protege of Dr. Jekyll) intrigues the reader even further, since Jekyll is regarded as a respectable man and Hyde a despicable one and Hyde’s strange disappearances seem to be connected to that of Dr. Jekyll, who claims to be â€Å"ill† though the reader finds out later he is not. Yet it is also through the use of contrasting imagery that Stevenson achieves intrigue in his novella. The main contrast is in the use of that of dark and light imagery, which is mainly present in the two â€Å"personalities† of Dr. Jekyll, the â€Å"good side†, himself, and his â€Å"bad side†, Mr. Hyde. The nature of both this characters’ actions varie from each other since Jekyll is portrayed as doing only good, â€Å"whilst he had always been known for charities, he was now no less distinguished for religion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (page 40), whereas Hyde for evil, â€Å"the man trampled calmly over the child’s body and left her screaming on the ground†. Although Jekyll and Hyde are two separate identities and so therefore their actions, they do share one body, which challenges the reader and intrigues him as to how such thing is possible. However not only are literally devises used to create great curiosity by Stevenson, but also the very plot itself. Throughout the novella, many unanswered questions are left open until the very end of the story (â€Å"Henry Jekyll’s full Statement of the Case†), which the reader keeps asking himself throughout the novel. Questions such as â€Å"Who is Mr. Hyde? †, â€Å"How is Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde connected? † and later â€Å"What is Dr. Jekyll hiding? † are constantly asked by the reader since they make the base for the plot. This makes the reader constantly curious and challenged, making him want to read further on to find out the answers. Throughout the novella â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde†, Stevenson achieves great intrigue and curiosity on the reader’s part by using not only literally devises such as character and imagery, but also through media, such as narrative and rhetorical questions as well. It is through these that the novel manages to catch the reader’s immediate attention and make him want to keep on reading till the very end of the book.

The shrinking welfare state essays

The shrinking welfare state essays Welfare has been the topic of much controversy over the past few years. The welfare program has been important for many people. The purpose of welfare is to assist people who are jobless or cant make ends meet financially. One of the stated purposes of the Personal Responsibility Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, popularly known as welfare reform was to end the dependence of needy parents on government benefits by promoting job preparedness, work, and marriage. To this end, this federal legislation, along with many other changes in state policies before and after passage, has increased incentives and requirements for families receiving benefits to move into work and eventually off welfare. After reading the article on the Shrinking Welfare State the question I asked myself was should there be a welfare reform? Personally I think welfare reform is more reasonable and feasible rather than abolishing welfare altogether. For one, the redistribution of wealth is necessary to maintain equality among the economic classes. The gap between the rich and the poor is widening each day, and welfare aids the redistribution of wealth. Secondly, doing away with welfare altogether would further impoverish those who are currently under it support. There is still a need for welfare, but amendments to its policies would reduce the cost of its upkeep as well as reduce welfare fraud. Such amendments to its policies can include a voluntary savings plan to reduce the amount of taxes paid or a limitation on the duration support. To do away with welfare altogether would increase the poverty level in the U.S. Though proponents of this movement site that many people take advantage of welfare, their argument is only half valid. No one denies, that welfare fraud exits, but doing away with welfare away altogether would hurt those residents who truly have a need for the support. Welfare reform can reduce fraud an...

Morality and God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Morality and God - Essay Example First being the ontological argument that invokes the belief of the existence of a being that is all perfect, omniscient and powerful. It asserts that God is â€Å"that than which no greater can be conceived.† The second purported evidence that convicts the belief of the existence of God is the ‘cosmological argument’ which firmly asserts that something must have brought the universe in to being what it is; nothing can merely come into existence without having some force spurring it to existence (Murphy, 2011). The third purported truth is the argument from design which seeks to base the existence of God from the fact that the universe is ordered with forces and laws that complement each other giving support to the survival of human lives. This asserts that God made the universe with human being like us in mind. Another argument that seeks to prove the existence of God is the moral argument which asserts that we are all bound to act under some moral laws. Laws tha t tell us what to do. So who is it really that orders us to behave morally? The argument from design probably holds more water. Scientists have not even been able to come up with clear facts to explain evolution and how everything in the universe seems to co-exist naturally as though it was all pre-planned. It is therefore most likely that the creator intended to create a universe that could support life, because it could have had different matter laws to bar the existence but it didn’t. It thus preposterous to assert the existence of God impossible. The theory of evolution has been around for more than a century and has influenced the way people look at the world and proposes that they came in to being as a result of chance and they belong to a species group. The idea has gained momentum and the effects can be reflected in the development of bloody ideologies as people keep distancing themselves from the morality of religion. The theory of evolution has been put forward as a n imaginary hypothesis and to this day has not been backed up by any scientific experiment. Trials for this confirmation have further proven its invalidity. Nevertheless, many people have accepted the theory as fact like the law of gravity. Modern science however has proven in regards with the complexity of the human structure that it is quite impossible for life to come about as chance or emerge from natural conditions. What is the meaning of human life? To answer this question at all implies a religion. Social feelings are a source of the crystallization of religion. The desire for guidance, love and support prompts men to form the social or moral conception of God. This is the God of providence who protects, disposes, rewards and punishes. The God who according to the width of the believers outlook, loves and cherishes the life of the human race, or even for life as such, the comforter in sorrow and unsatisfied longing, who preserves the souls of the dead. This is the moral conce ption of God. We often arrive at a conception of the relation of science to religion is very different. When one views the matter historically one is inclined to look upon science and religion as irreconcilable antagonists, and for very obvious reasons. The people that believe in science and that really take the hypothesis of causality seriously are thoroughly convinced of the universal operation of the law of causation cannot for a moment entertain the idea of a ‘being’ who interferes in the course of happening events.

Business Law International Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Law International - Essay Example These measures were very useful in helping these economies to recover from the disastrous effects of the crisis. In dealing with the legal aspects associated with taking tough action against weak and insolvent banks based upon the precedents established during the Asian Financial Crisis, Head (1998) suggests a legal regime four specific measures. Firstly, there should be clear guidelines set out by the central bank in a particular country to identify when a bank is insolvent, for instance when it is unable to maintain adequate liquidity to meet the needs of depositors in a timely manner and/or when its liabilities exceed its assets. Head suggests that setting out rigorous tests for determining potential insolvency is a vial first step. Secondly, there should be a legal provision in existence which clearly sets out that if a bank is found to be insolvent or approaching insolvency, the central bank will appoint an administrator or conservator, that could also be the central bank itself, to take over the control of the bank and carry out an assessment to determine the bank’s prospects.(Head 1998). On the basis of the assessment, the conservator would offer recommendations to (a) restore the bank to health (b) merge it with a stronger bank or (c) liquidate its assets and distribute proceeds among depositors. Thirdly, if the bank is to be restored to a healthy form, the Conservator should be provided the powers under the law to carry out necessary procedures necessary to affect such a restoration. This could include measures such as powers to hire and fire bank staff, since inefficiency in bank operations is often the result of irresponsible or incompetent executives, as well as the power to change or modify the bank’s policies, close branches, change the bank’s charter or other operational measures that may be necessary to restore the financial health of the bank. Fourthly, the law

Political perspective to decision making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Political perspective to decision making - Essay Example Organizational decision making takes place at different levels. Most of the crucial organizational decisions entail distribution of limited resources in the various departments or segments. They are significant in the identification of the most appropriate way to share resources. Due to scarcity of resources, political actions arise making the decision making process to have a political perspective. Most of the competition is usually exhibited by the organizations while searching for leadership and personnel positions that influence decision making. Political influence in decision making creates differences in the organizational dynamics making power to become a significant resource. Power enables those who hold it in an organization to have a substantial control in decision making. This essay discusses the political perspectives in decision making and their main implications. Organizations are usually an alliance of several individuals who have personal dreams expectations, weaknesses and strengths. These alliances are the fundamentals of the political perspectives, whose existence is attributed to the presence of division of labor in the business. According to Pettigrew (1985 p. 42), â€Å"associated career, rewards and individual status are the core sources of the political perspectives†. In his view, the occurrence of interest groups usually originates from the existence matching objectives within the group members. On the other hand, the differences that exist in the organizational hierarchy amongst the different groups facilitate the occurrence of the political perspectives. Differences come as a result of issues such as the members who have been newly recruited in the group and the pioneers, and others such as the traditionalists and those who want changes to be made in the organizational structures. The variations in opinions between these groups lead to the presence of sub units that are charac1terized by

Most Influential Socialist Thinkers Of Time

Most Influential Socialist Thinkers Of Time The philosopher, social scientist, historian and revolutionary, Karl Marx, is without a doubt the most influential socialist thinker to emerge in the 19th century. Although he was largely ignored by scholars in his own lifetime, his social, economic and political ideas gained rapid acceptance in the socialist movement after his death in 1883. Until quite recently almost half the population of the world lived under regimes that claim to be Marxist. This very success, however, has meant that the original ideas of Marx have often been modified and his meanings adapted to a great variety of political circumstances. In addition, the fact that Marx delayed publication of many of his writings meant that is been only recently that scholars had the opportunity to appreciate Marxs intellectual stature. It is difficult to know what effect this would have on his later philosophy, but we do know that Marx would be antithetical to religious belief, at one time pronouncing it, the opiate of the masses After schooling in Trier (1830-35), Marx entered Bonn University to study law. At university he spent much of his time socialising and running up large debts. His father was horrified when he discovered that Karl had been wounded in a duel. Heinrich Marx agreed to pay off his sons debts but insisted that he moved to the more sedate Berlin University. Educated in the best universities in Germany at Bonn, Berlin and Jena, he was greatly influenced by the most prominent scholar of the previous generation, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. As youth turned to middle age, Karl Marxs views became more radical and finally hardened into the body of thought we know today. His journey to this point took him out of Germany where the newspaper he edited, the Rheinische Zeitung, was suppressed by the Government. He moved to Paris in 1843 and later to Brussels in 1845. Marx himself considered his theory of surplus-value his most important contribution to the progress of economic analysis (Marx, letter to Engels of 24 August 1867). It is through this theory that the wide scope of his sociological and historical thought enables him simultaneously to place the capitalist mode of production in his historical context, and to find the root of its inner economic contradictions and its laws of motion in the specific relations of production on which it is based Marx was partial to Hegel and his theories and was influenced by Hegels views that history was a dialectical process. He did not adhere to Hegels spirituality . He was also influenced by Fuerbach, Saint-Simon, Proudhon and Bakunin. While living in Paris, he began to associate with the working clasas for the first time. He began to formulate his thought that revolution was the key to achieving balance between the upper class and the working class. He wrote and spoke on social change through revolution. He believed that there was great energy between proleterians and capitalists. Marx began to appeal to more of the common people during the early depression days. American educatin became aware of soviet education reforms during the 1920s and through George S. Counts who visited Russia and brought their educational system of reform to light in America. But only a mere 10 years later, American educators did not think societ education was good. The theory associated with Marxism was developed in mid-19th century Europe by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Although Marx and Engels did not write widely about education, they developed theoretical perspectives on modern societies that have been used to highlight the social functions of education and their concepts and methods have served to both theorize and criticize education in the reproduction of capitalist societies, and to support projects of alternative education. In this study, I will first briefly sketch the classical perspectives of Marx and Engels, highlighting the place of education in their work. Then, I lay out the way that Marxian perspectives on education were developed in the Frankfurt School critical theory, British cultural studies, and other neo- Marxian and post-Marxian approaches grouped under the label of critical pedagogy, that emerged from the work of Paulo Freire and is now global in scope. I argue that Marxism provides influential and robust perspectives on education, still of use, but that classical Marxism has certain omissions and limitations that contemporary theories of society and education need to overcome. The young Marx and Engels thus perceived that without education the working class was condemned to lives of drudgery and death, but that with education they had a chance to create a better life. In their famous 1848 Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels argued that growing economic crises would throw ever more segments of the middle classes, and the older peasant and artisan classes, into the impoverished situation of the proletariat and would thus produce a unified working class, at least one with interests in common. They declared that the bourgeois class is constantly battling against the older feudal powers, among its own segments, and against the foreign bourgeoisie, and thus enlists the proletariat as its ally. Consequently, the proletariat gains education and experience which it can use to fight the ruling class. The Marxist approach to education is broad constuctivist and emphasises activity, collaboration and critique, rather than passive absorption of knowledge, emulation of elders and conformism; it is student-centred rather than teacher centred, but recognises that education cannot transcend the problems and capabilities of the society in which it is located. The Soviet, Chinese, and other Communist states were at most only partly structured along Marxist classless lines, and while such Communist leaders as Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and Mao Zedong staunchly claimed Marxist orthodoxy for their pronouncements, they in fact greatly stretched the doctrine in attempting to mold it to their own uses. The evolution of varied forms of welfare capitalism, the improved condition of workers in industrial societies, and the recent demise of the Communist bloc in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have tended to discredit Marxs dire and deterministic economic predictions. The Soviet and Chinese Communist regimes did not result in the disappearance of the state, but in the erection of huge, monolithic, and largely inefficient state structures. In recent years, many Western intellectuals have championed Marxism and repudiated Communism, objecting to the manner in which the two terms are often used interchangeably. A number have turned to Marxs other writings and explored the present-day value of such Marxist concepts as alienation. Among prominent Western Marxists were the Hungarian philosopher Gyà ¶rgy Lukaisand the Italian political philosopher Antonio Gramsci, both of whom viewed Marxism as a liberation from the rule of political economy and believed in its relationship to the social consciousness. Marxisms influence can be found in disciplines as diverse as economics, history, art, literary criticism, and sociology. German sociologist Max Weber, Frankfurt school theorists such as Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, British economist Joan Robinson, German dramatist Bertolt Brecht, British literary critic Frederic Jameson, and the French historians of the Annales school have all produced work drawn from Marxist perspectiv es.

Personal Narrative - A Hole In One Essay -- Personal Narratives

A Hole In One It was a Saturday afternoon, and I was at golf practice. It was a gorgeous day. The sun was out, there was just a slight breeze, and there wasn’t a cloud in the sky. No one could have asked for a better day. Three of my teammates and I were golfing together. We teed off at one o’clock. Walking down the fairway of number one looked just like a scene out of a movie. The lake off to the right and a line of trees along the left, were just gorgeous. Number two is a one hundred and forty-two yard par three. I was kind of nervous because, of all of the times I had played the course, I had never hit the green. I debated for a moment, because the distance is right in between clubs. I finally decided on a seven iron. I would choke up on it and take a nice easy swing. I teed ...

Journal Analysis: Industrial Materials and Process

Increasing concern with fuel consumption leads to widespread interest in lightweight structures for transportation vehicles. Several competing technologies are available for the structural connections of these structures, namely welding, mechanical fastening/riveting, and adhesive technologies. Great interest is dedicated to welding of lightweight structures, particularly because of economic reasons derived of part count reduction, faster and cheaper fabrication, and possible weight gains.However, drawbacks of welding include variation of properties in the welcomed area, intrinsic metallurgical difficulties sibyl leading to unacceptable defects, as well as, from a mechanical design point of view, possibly detrimental fatigue behavior features associated with the continuous path of crack propagation. Crucial factors for the application of new technologies are the cost. Especially for the substitution of metals by light weight alloys beneath all technological properties of the economic aspects have to be considered.Currently the technological processes receiving more widespread interest in metallic lightweight structures are laser beam welding (LB) and friction stir welding (FSP). According to E. Schubert, M. Classes ET. AL Light weight components are of crucial interest for all branches that produce moving masses. The aim to reduce weight has to be accompanied by high production efficiency and component performance. Laser beam Joining offers the possibility to manufacture Joints of all light metals and their combination. Laser welding is a high energy beam process and in this regard is similar to electron beam.With that exception they are unlike one another. The energy density of the laser is achieved by the concentration of light waves not electrons. The laser output is not electrical, does not require electrical continuity, is not influenced by magnetism, is not limited to electrically conductive materials and in fact can interact with any material whether it be metal, plastic, wood, ceramic, etc. Finally its function does not require a vacuum nor are x-rays produced. Friction-stir welding (FSP) is a solid-state Joining process (the metal is not melted) that uses a third body tool to Join two facing surfaces.Heat is generated between the tool and material which leads to a very soft region near the FSP tool. It then eugenically intermixes the two pieces of metal at the place of the Joint, then the softened metal (due to the elevated temperature) can be Joined using mechanical pressure (which is applied by the tool), much like Joining clay, or dough. It is primarily used on aluminum, and most often on extruded aluminum (non-heat treatable alloys), and on structures which need superior weld strength without a post weld heat treatment.Methodology of the Researches According to the Journal of R. Brushstrokes et al. Joining technology of lightweight dissimilar metals between magnesium and aluminum alloys are essential for legalizing hybrid str ucture cars and other engineering application. In the present study, the normal center line welding of lap Joint was carried out by laser welding. It was found that the intervocalic layer formed near interface between two metals significantly degraded the Joining metal, which contributes to control thickness of intervocalic compound layer.Based on the result of FEM. analysis, the edge line welding of lap Joint was carried out, which could easily control the thickness of intervocalic layer and successfully obtained high Joining strength. In comparison with the Journal of R. Brushstrokes et al. According to T. Mortising et al. Macrostructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar welding Joint between AY alloy and MGM alloy by laser welding was very brittle because of building up MGM AAA intervocalic compounds in fusion zone.On the other hand, FSP is anticipated to welding dissimilar alloys AY alloys and GAZA magnesium alloy with various tool rotational speed and welding speed. These joints showed higher hardness in their stir zones than that of parent GAZA alloy because of MGM-AY inter metallic compound formation. Over, the harness of stir zone was lower than that of fusion zone of laser welding, and was changed with the welding parameter of tool rotational speed and welding speed. In accordance with R. Brushstrokes et al. O the problem of intervocalic compound, another approach to control intervocalic compound formation has to be developed for Joining magnesium and aluminum alloys. The controlling penetration depth of molten in lap Joint configuration might be a possible approach for reducing intervocalic compound formation, in the present study laser welding between agencies alloy GAZA B and aluminum AY-O was carried out. Since the penetration depth of molten metal in lap Joint will be one of important factor for controlling the thickness of intervocalic compound layer.Results and Findings of the Researches In accordance with R. Brushstrokes et al. After ten sile-shear tests, it was found that failure occurred inside intervocalic compound layer, which degraded strength of the Joint. The maximum failure load and strength obtained for the welding lap Joint were NON and 20 Amp. This failure load is about 37% of yield load of AY-O alloy. Results of the tensile test of T. Mortising et al. The tensile strength of base was 244 Amp in aluminum alloy and 241 Amp in magnesium alloy. The Joint efficiency was achieved 61% of the strength of the base material. FSP has several disadvantages.As it is a solid state process, a great amount of tool wear takes place during the plunging stage as the work piece material is cold at this time. Weld speeds in FSP are slower which can lead to time-consuming Joining process. As higher weld forces are required during this process, equipment used for FSP is massive and expensive. Moreover friction stir welding of high melting temperature materials, such as steel and stainless steel are known to have welding tool l imitations. Therefore, the use of standard FSP machines runs into high capital cost requirements and relatively poor productivity.LB has advantages precise working with exact placing of the energy spot, welding of complicated Joint geometry, low heat application, therefore minor changes in macrostructure, low thermal distortion, cavity-free welds, low post weld operation times, large working distance is possible ( welding up to 500 mm distance and also to inaccessible parts). And it's disadvantages are The welding plants are expensive, depending upon the equipment, If filler material is necessary they are, because of the limited amount produced, relatively expensive.Analysis and Recommendation of the Researches: It was difficult to obtain enough quality welding strength in welding lap Joint between magnesium and aluminum alloy plates due to intervocalic compound layer formation it was found that the edge-line welding lap Joint could realize the shallow penetration depth of molten me tal into lower plate, which would be effective for educing the reaction between two metal and then the formation of intervocalic compound.

Citation and Argumentative Research Paper

Kenned Taylor Evaluator: Angela Moore Title: Pro's and Cons of Abortion What was the thesis statement of the essay? Abortions, an unethical practice of termination should be illegal because it is considered murder, can cause physiological and medical problems, and reduces the number of adoptions. How was the introduction? Did it grab your attention? If so, how? If not, what could have been done differently? The introduction was good and it did grab my attention by showing interesting facts.Did the author make a strong case for their argument? What was the strongest argument that was made? Lacked evidence for the arguments, not strong enough arguments. What was the weakest argument made? Arguments were all kind of weak How well did the author Incorporate: Facts? Yes Anecdotes? No Quotes? There wasn't many quotes In the paper. How well did the author follow the PAP formatting and citation requirements? What could have been done differently? The PAP Format could use a little more work b ut overall it was fine.The reference page needs to be finished. How well did the author do with using correct grammar and punctuation? Were there any specific areas that he or she needs to work on for future papers? (Be specific) There were a few spelling mistakes and the sentences had much grammar (Passive 1 OFF Could you determine a Christian worldview in the paper? If yes, what was it? Yes there was a Christian world view, abortion is a sin. Did the conclusion wrap up the paper without introducing new information? Yes but you need to work on length.

A Book report on Celia, A Slave essays

A Book report on Celia, A Slave essays Celia, A Slave by Melton A. McLaurin In the book Celia, A Slave by Melton A. McLaurin, the accounts of one womans life are bound together in a vivid way to relay the circumstances surrounding a female slaves cruel life. The life of this woman named Celia was filled with acts of molestation, rape, murder, and eventual execution. Through the use of court records, correspondences, and newspaper accounts, the author delineated in chronological order the life of Celia: from her purchase by Robert Newsom to her execution on December 21, 1855. When Robert Newsom bought Celia from an unnamed person, the first night that he spent with her he raped Celia. This act was repeated numerously throughout the next five years. It is told to the reader that Celia almost certainly was purchased to replace Newsoms wife who had died months earlier. After years of sexual torment and abuse, Celia killed her master and burned his body to avoid being caught. However, she was caught, tried, and executed for her crime. This of course was not the whole story. Many factors come into play when explaining why Celia murdered Robert Newsom and determining the right course of action for her punishment. The factors influencing Celias behavior can be attributed to the years of rape sustained by Celia. In addition to the emotional instability that encourages Celia to murder Newsom is the ultimatum given by Celias lover, George, to quit the old man (30) or risk losing him as a companion. Also, many people had the opportunity to stand up for Celia and stop the abuse, but for personal reasons, those who knew of the crimes chose to remain quiet. All of these factors have the same thing in common: they each present a person or persons dealing with their own personal dilemmas. In the case of Celia, she could stand up to her master and face physical and emotional punishment and possibly death. It was a choice for h...

Case Studies 2 and 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Studies 2 and 3 - Essay Example Applying the top down model to the issue, the major requirement is identified as providing shared access to all the employees to the resources in the company. This can then be broken down further into smaller requirements based on the issues faced by the employees (Goldman & Rawles, 2004). These requirements are listed below: The requirements identified are each broken further to simpler ones to arrive at the solution. The solution is to connect all the computers to one another and also to the Internet. In addition, provide the architects with access to files in the network. 1. Software: In order to form a network within the office, the Operating System should support the facility. Hence the current Windows 98 has to be upgraded to Windows 2000 Professional version as it is LAN (Local Area Network) ready. A Windows Server 2000 OS is installed in order to facilitate sharing files in a common server. 2. Internet Access: The current Dial – Up connection will not facilitate multiple connections at the same time. Hence it is replaced with an ADSL connection (which requires an access router and a DSL modem). 3. Printer Access: The Laser Printer needs to be attached to the Ethernet, so that any of the employees connected to the network can print the files (this is facilitated by the Windows Server 2000 OS). It is evident that the solution implemented by Lane Communications is a success, as the number of design contracts have increased. The main reason for this success is the increase in productivity of the employees. The architects and the layout artist can access the Internet at the same time reducing the idle time (when they had to wait for their turn earlier). File sharing and printing are also improved as the employees need not waste their time in storing in disks and transferring them twice. This will reduce the work load on administrative assistant who

Lake Wabarmun, Alberta Oil Spill 2005 Research Paper

Lake Wabarmun, Alberta Oil Spill 2005 - Research Paper Example The plant in some sources is said to be responsible for the existence of health standards made possible by the use of pesticides. Another source stated that 10% of India’s crop were saved by the use of the pesticides made in Bhopal. MIC is very toxic and only noticed when signs of toxicity appear such as watering of the eyes and nasal passages. It is the most toxic chemical belonging to the isocyanate family and at room temperature it is a colorless liquid (Varma, Roli, and Daya Varma, 2005). On December 2 a very small amount of water went through the pipes into MIC tank 610. The reaction generated heat which transformed the MIC liquid into a gas. Pressure in the tank increased; this ruptured the disc and the MIC vent began to discharge into the atmosphere. In Bhopal at the time MIC was stored in three tanks and tank 610 was 87% full, above the 60% recommendation for the Bhopal plant and 50% which was recommended for the Connecticut plant. Safety devices which were in place fo r such an emergency failed or were inadequate. There was no public warning system in place though a warning signal was activated at 2:30 am,2 hours after the leak was detected. It is estimated the MIC leak lasted from 45-60 minutes in duration. When the siren actually went into effect people had already began noticing the effects of the leak. Most of this was at first ignored as minor leaks were common. Police were unaware of what had actually happened and advised citizens to run which in turn exposed them to higher levels of inhaled MCI. On the morning of December 3 and subsequent days citizens were running to the hospital and deaths were attributed the first four days especially to pulmonary edema. Only house flies were unaffected by the MCI; presumably because they lie still at low levels. The effect of the MCI was a chemically induced SAR’s with little if any treatment options. It is estimated that 30,000 people were killed by the MCI and 500,000 more injured. The gas lea k has had far reaching consequences 25 years later and environmentalist have stated that the site still contains large amounts of chemicals which are toxic which they collected from soil samples at the site (Iyengar, Radhika, And Monisha Bajaj, 2011). Identified as one of the worst chemical disasters in history yet new attention was spurred by the Environmental Protection Agency Office of Toxic Substances to the dangers of chemicals which are stored as opposed to those on the environment. Water quality was questionable before the incident and during the period of time immediately following large tanks were filled from other parts of the city to supply residents with drinking water. There were over 500,000 registered victims of the Bhopal incident in 1984. Survivors continue to experience long term effects of the exposure; studies show cases of pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, COPD, emphysema, chest infections and other related conditions as lingering effects of the disaster (Kewal K. Mau dar, et al, 2009). Studies were carried out on 80,000 individuals. Rapid industrial growth in India today contributes to the economy but it comes with a price of environmental degradation and increased health risks to the public. Water quality is Bhopal today is under threat of pollution and in May of 2012 the factory was ordered to clean up

System Design in IT Area Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

System Design in IT Area - Essay Example The various customers are tracked for their quality of return with respect to date and material. The various records pertain to determining the loyal customers so that promotions and special offers are facilitated to them. 4. Record of holding status: The system maintains the currently held stock by the employees and ensures better management of records. The customers holding stock would ensure better management of the DVDs and Game consoles for effective stock management and grant other customers. 5. Wishlist: The customer’s wish list would focus on various future stocks which they desire so that they are able to procure that on a priority basis. The knowledge would ensure system to capture ways to serve the customers. 6. FAQ: The system must enforce a help status so that better management of DVDs and Game consoles are done and would fetch the user with detailed documentation of hardware and software’s required for ensuring the correct workability of the system. 8. Inventory status: The various inventory, comprising the DVD and game consoles, required to be ascertained for their availability in the store. The knowledge is useful in determining the amount of stock and the existing detail of the present availability. This would largely help in granting or denying requests. 9. Damaged stock: Knowing the damaged stock is very crucial so as to reduce any complications with respect to customer satisfaction. Also, the returning orders must be checked for their damage status. This requirement is very important to be present as it incurs a loss to the inventory and successively the profit. 10. Fines: Determining the fines to be levied would ensure better use of the system towards negligence of the customers so that the loss towards damage is recovered. It also puts a negative rating to the customer and decides a condition for their repeat. 11. Determination of final accounts: The determination of the statement of expenditures and incomes are to be ascertained so that the firm 6ME successfully determines their profit or loss for the desired period. The system would create better impression for audit trails and maximizes the computation of company financial status.

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Freedom of Speech Essay Hindi is the most commonly spoken language in India. It is the fifth most spoken language in the world with about 182 million native speakers in 1998. The script used in writing Hindi is DevanÄ garÄ «. More than 180 million people in India regard Hindi as their mother tongue. Another 300 million use it as second language. Outside of India, Hindi speakers are 100,000 in USA; 685,170 in Mauritius; 890,292 in South Africa; 232,760 in Yemen; 147,000 in Uganda; 5,000 in Singapore; 8 million in Nepal; 20,000 in New Zealand; 30,000 in Germany. Urdu, the official language of Pakistan, spoken by about 41 million in Pakistan and other countries, is essentially the same language Literature in Hindi languages (Hindi: à ¤ ¹Ã  ¤ ¿Ã  ¤ ¨Ã  ¥ Ã  ¤ ¦Ã  ¥â‚¬ à ¤ ¸Ã  ¤ ¾Ã  ¤ ¹Ã  ¤ ¿Ã  ¤ ¤Ã  ¥ Ã  ¤ ¯) includes literature in the various Central Zone Indo-Aryan languages which have writing systems. It is broadly classified into four prominent forms (styles) based on the date of production. They are; * Vir-Gathas (poems extolling brave warriors) – 11th–14th century * Bhakti era poems (devotional poems) – 14th–18th century * Riti or Srngar poems (poems of romance) – 18th–20th century * Adhunik literature (modern literature) – 20th century onwards The literature was produced in dialects such as Braj, Bundeli, Awadhi, Kannauji, Khariboli, Marwari, Angika, Vajjika, Maithili, Magahi and Bhojpuri.[1] From 20th century, works produced in Standard Hindi, a register of Hindustani, is sometimes regarded as the only basis of modern literature in Hindi.[2] Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi, is a standardised and sanskritised register of the Hindustani language (Hindi-Urdu) that is associated with the Hindu religion. Hindustani is the native language of people living in Delhi, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northeastern Madhya Pradesh, and parts of eastern Rajasthan,[4] and Hindi is one of the official languages of India Hindi literature is broadly divided into four prominent forms or styles, being Bhakti (devotional – Kabir, Raskhan); Shringar (beauty – Keshav, Bihari); Veer-Gatha (extolling brave warriors); and Adhunik (modern). Medieval Hindi literature is marked by the influence of Bhakti movement and the composition of long, epic poems. It was not written in the current dialect but in other Hindi languages, particularly in Avadhi and Braj Bhasha, but later also in Khariboli. During the British Raj, Hindustani became the prestige dialect. Hindustani with heavily Sanskritized vocabulary or Sahityik Hindi (Literary Hindi) was popularized by the writings of Swami Dayananda Saraswati, Bhartendu Harishchandra and others. The rising numbers of newspapers and magazines made Hindustani popular among the educated people. Chandrakanta, written by Devaki Nandan Khatri, is considered the first authentic work of prose in modern Hindi. The person who brought realism in the Hindi prose literature was Munshi Premchand, who is considered as the most revered figure in the world of Hindi fiction and progressive movement. The Dwivedi Yug (Age of Dwivedi) in Hindi literature lasted from 1900 to 1918. It is named after Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi, who played a major role in establishing the Modern Hindi language in poetry and broadening the acceptable subjects of Hindi poetry from the traditional ones of religion and romantic love. In the 20th century, Hindi literature saw a romantic upsurge. This is known as Chhayavaad (shadowism) and the literary figures belonging to this school are known as Chhayavaadi. Jaishankar Prasad, Suryakant Tripathi Nirala, Mahadevi Varma and Sumitranandan Pant, are the four major Chhayavaadi poets. Uttar Adhunik is the post-modernist period of Hindi literature, marked by a questioning of early trends that copied the West as well as the excessive ornamentation of the Chhayavaadi movement, and by a return to simple language and natural themes.

Looking At The Childrens Literature English Literature Essay

Looking At The Childrens Literature English Literature Essay Childrens Literature plays a vital role in determining the society to its sublimity. Children are no more considered as vulnerable, but as solid pillars of the world. There lies an imperative in nurturing the young minds with healthy thoughts and disciplined behaviors. Childrens literature is continued to be seen as a crucial resource in nurturing the childs progress from basic literacy to a level of critical and cultural literacy necessary for effective adult life (Hollindale, 18)  [1]  . As Lens Unsworth has pointed out Margaret Meeks notion, it is the kinds of texts that children have access to and the kinds of interactions experienced around texts that influence the kind of readers they become (5)  [2]  . Literature written for children offers enjoyment, stirs imagination and inspiration, gives a vicarious experience by viewing situations from perspectives other than their own. Literature helps children to gain an appreciation of the universality of human beings, and unde rstand the oneness of all human beings, though bounded with multicultural way of living. Literature with moral reasoning gives an experience for young people to formulate their own concepts of right and wrong and build a morally actuated life. Research in Childrens literature offers the opportunity for a meticulous examination of the literature of the child and it links the child, the author, the text, and the world outside literature. Researchers have created an enthusiasm to study the rhetoric or form by accepting the self contained world of the text. Analysis of euphony, rhythm, or meter, style and stylistics, symbol, image, metaphor, and mythic elements are common in such type of studies. There are also a group of linguistic scholars who might define their work as examining what is said and how it is said (Vandergrift, 26, 37)  [3]  .The work of every scholar varies in the approach made to the literary text, the present study views the famous works of Ruskin Bond with a psychological point of view, analyzing the Psychosocial factors in Ruskin Bonds selected short stories. 1.2 Defining Childrens Literature Childrens literature forms the soul of a nation. Childrens literature is a body of written works primarily for the purpose of entertainment and information for children from birth to adolescence, covering topics of relevance and interest to Children of world classics literature, picture books, and story books precisely written or orally transmitted materials for readers categorized under the age of thirteen (www.britannica.com).  [4]  Childrens literature is that body of writing and accompanying illustrations, primarily composed for young people (249)  [5]  A common definition of Childrens Literature is defined in two ways, literature that is written for children and chosen by or for children. Separating it for a particular group alone will never give the clear definition, valuing their content and quality will make the definition stronger. 1.2.1 The Content Contents are important in defining Childrens Literature. Childrens books are about the experiences of both good and bad. The subject matter of the Childrens Literature can either be in prose or poetry. Experiences of past, present, or future; whether enjoying a birthday party, getting a new pet, losing a tooth for the first time or even dealing with the family problems are common experiences faced by the children today. Contents of various topics such as monsters, dinosaurs, dragons, fighter planes, natural disasters, which may not be a part of the childhood lessons, are still included for their interest. Fantasy or reality, the interest and dreams of Children never decrease. The more children learn about the world, the better chances to realize about themselves. Paul Hazard says in his book about the appeal of children to the adults: Give us books, give us wingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Show us fairies strolling about in the moonlight. We are willing to learn everything that we are taught at school, but, please, let us keep our dream (Hazard, 4).  [6]   David in Author and Artists states that every childs story should present images of the world they are to venture, and David supports this with the words of C.S. Lewis, Children ought to be produced with the knowledge that the world has events of violence, death, wounds, and adventures. There should never be a false impression made that the world is a peaceful place. The world has mixed personalities and children are to deal with villains, ruffians or cruel enemies in the stories. Knowledge of all these from the stories during their childhood days may prevent them from falling into the darker side of life. Let writers produce stories with wicked kings and beheadings, giants and dragons and let tragedy of villains be present at the end of stories. Dreadful events or people will cause a little fear, but will always help children to become courageous. (twilightswarden.wordpress.com)  [7]   1.2.2 The Quality Literature with quality has to do with creativity, significance of the ideas, artistic use of the language, and beauty of literary and artistic style which keeps the work fresh and meaningful forever in the minds of young readers. There are some exceptions; books which have never won any literary prizes are still the best Childrens books that offer readers enjoyment as well as memorable characters and valuable insights into the human condition. Pushkin Passey in summing up Ruskins essay The Lamp Is Lit says, And there are many brave and good Indian writers, who work in their own language be it Bengali or Oriya or Telugu or Marathi or fifteen to twenty others and plough their lonely furrow without benefit of agent or media blitz or Booker prize. Some of them may despair. But even so, they work on in despair. Their rewards may be small, their readers few, but it is enough to keep them from turning off the light. For they know that the pen, in honest and gifted hands, is mightier than the grave.  [8]   Until the 20th century, Childrens Literature was the medium through which children had a privilege to learn the culture of different nations and people groups. Today children have the access to digital media, so childrens books are now only of several sources of socializing material, of education, information, commentary, and entertainment albeit an important one (Emer OSullivan, 5)  [9]   1.3 The History and Development of Childrens Literature Childrens literature has got its name from the mid half of the nineteenth century and still there is a doubt on the history of its origin. The earliest History of Childrens literature began with the oral tradition. The older people narrated their experiences with several imaginations of entertainment to the younger ones, though the language and dialects varied according to the location, the written form of those stories took ample amount of time but had a good beginning. The History of Childrens Literature crossed various major milestones including the oral tradition, there was a scarce for the printed books for the children to write because of the expense to print a book was much. Before the Puritans influence William Caxton the first English printer published Recuyell of the History of Troy (1474), and was also responsible for the first editions of The Fables of Aesop, Reynard the Fox and Le Morte Darthur. Though these editions were made for the adult audience, children were intere sted and attracted in reading them. (Gillespie,13)  [10]  . The instructional books opened with the letters of the alphabet, as well as a short catechism. Around 1538 in London, Thomas Petyt published a primer which included the alphabet, a table of vowels and syllables, prayers and a grace for meals. Horn books, letter boards shaped like the paddles later known as battledores, included the Lords Prayer, an invocation to the trinity, the vowels, a table of syllables, and nine digits. Other forms of teaching the alphabet included needle samplers and gingerbread, which was printed with the designs of the letters. The home page of Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society briefs more on the history of this literature. The first picture book in 1659 was especially designed for children by Charles Hoole. .By the end of Eighteenth century some cheap booklets known as the Chapbooks were sold, this included the popular folktales like the Robin Hood, Dick Whittington, and the Arabian Nights became available for both adult and child ren.  [11]     Prolific writers like Walter Crane, Kate Greenaway and Ralph Caldecott contributed the best during their period. Walter crane the most prolific writer and influential Childrens book creator of his generation worked in developing designs and picture books for children with Edmund Evans, a famous publisher in London and also for the house of George Routledge Sons (Walter Crane)  [12]  . The age of Puritans was the earliest to create a bulk of childrens books. Childrens literature in this age covered religious and moral education. James Janeways A Token for Children: Being an Exact Account of the Conversion, Holy and Exemplary -Lives and Joyful Deaths of Several young Children (1672) showed growth in the spiritual life in spite of the physical weakness. John Bunyans A Book for Boys and Girls (1686), Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe (1719), Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels, John Locke and others were great contributions of Childrens literature during the consecutive years. John Ne wberry The Father of Childrens Literature was the first to introduce the printed books to the literary market. A Little Pretty Pocket -Book and Little Goodly Two-Shoes by Newberry was the first to be published in London. Nineteenth century monthly magazines were serialized with alphabets and words or a rhyming verse accompanied by an image for each letter. Harry Potter (1997) by J.K. Rowling gained immense popularity and in the end of 2011 about 450 million copies were sold. 1.4 Childrens Literature in India India is referred as the cradle of Childrens literature because of its rich oral tradition and the Panchatantra. In India Childrens literature has been there from ancient times. Oral fiction started with Panchatantra, a compilation of Vishnu Sharma to innocent young princes, but covetous. Panchatantra an ancient collection have served as the core for the growth of many Indian writers and story tellers in English. Panchatantra is the first piece of literature and a moral literature for youngsters. Folktales and folklores were available in different languages and dialects. Folks were proposed on the culture and traditional values of that particular society and were orally transmitted from one generation to the next generation. Another type of oral fiction was the lullabies, short songs sung during the bed times for infants and children. The infant melodies were composed with rhyming words and pleasant music for the infants to hear. Later, not all but some are transformed in written for ms. The literatures written in Sanskrit, the historical Indo- Aryan language contains works of poetry, drama, dharma texts and also the scientific, technical, philosophical texts. The ancient religious literatures are found in Sanskrit. Stories like the Jataka tales and Panchatantra had great impacts and inspiration for the successive writers. Though Childrens Literature was found in abundance in this large nation with its rich culture and heritage, only after the British colonial rule it was separated as a different genre for Children. Missionaries from England were the first to introduce teaching in a foreign language and it was a new eye opening to the Indians. Many religious literature and famous books of great men were translated in English. Translations of Childrens literature to the Indian children were mostly from the popular western literature. The colonizers language had given a great imprint in the minds of the Indians and works of the English writers became popular after the British rule in India. Literature from both the West and India were accepted though contradictory representations of realisms were there the Indian Child took the western as Modern and Indian as traditional. The western writers who had once influenced the minds of children lost their sway when the works of Indian writers were published meeting the intellectual needs of children. The childs perception of changing values has an impact on its reading interest. They look for more realistic and self centered themes. As Prema Srinivasan in her book Childrens fiction in English in India -Trends and Motifs writes generally progressive views on self fulfillment have displaced conventional conceptions of heroism and the fleeting comfort afforded by the happily ever after tags is discarded in favor of a more realistic rounding off (3)  [13]  . Around 1930 onwards story books were especially written for children. Association of Writer and Illustrators for Children (AWIC) 1981 has published stories poems plays and other library projects wholly for Children. The foreign organizations like International Book Fair and The Asian Cultural Centre for UNESCO (ACCU) provided a great exposure for the growth of Childrens literature in India (www.awic.in)  [14]  . Childrens literature in English in India had its good set up brought up by the eminent writers like R.K. Narayan, Anita Desai, Manoj Das, Sigrun Srivastava, Manorama Jafa, Arun Kumar Dutta, Shashi Deshpande, Jacqueline Singh and many others. Writers in regional language like Amir Khusro, Mirza Ghalib, Dr Zakir Hussain and Qudsia Zaidi in Urdu, Prem Chand in Hindi, Rabindranath Tagore, Upendrakishore Roy Chowdhury, Sukumar Ray, Satyajit Ray, Ashapurna Debi and Mahasweta Devi in Bengali, K.P. Kesava Menon, M. T. Vasudevan Nair in Malayalam, T. P. Kailasam in Kannada and a host of others (www.tulikabooks.com  [15]  ). Presently childrens literature has acquired an important place in India, several books trusts, and organizations are established to increase the literature for the young learners. National Book Trust (NBT), National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), Childrens Book Trust (CBT) and other organizations produces new books to benefit the children of present generation. Recent Childrens Literature development projects were strengthened by publishers like Tara publishings, Tulika Publishers, DC Books, and Childrens Books Trust. Non-profit organizations like Pratham and Katha books have contributed in producing books of good content and also books in affordable prizes for everyone to buy. 1.5 Genres of Childrens Literature Genre is category of literary composition. It is a specific Category of artistic or literary accomplishment by form, technique and subject matter. Childrens literature has deserved its own genre to show a difference between the adult literatures in other terms the young adolescent literature (YA lit). The variety of books with different content created for Children on their interest are classified into separate categories. Childrens books are generally classified by the following genre illustrated in the table. Genres of Childrens Literature Poetry Prose Nursery rhymes Lyric poems Narrative poems Fiction Non fiction Fantasy Realism Concept books(including counting books) Information books Biographies Folk Literature Modern fantasy Realistic Fiction Myths Epics Legends Fables Fairy tales Literary fairy tales Animal fantasy Magical fantasy Heroic fantasy Science fiction Family stories Friendship Adventure/survival stories Mysteries Animal stories Sports stories Historical stories The selected short stories The Blue Umbrella, the Angry River, the Dust on the Mountain falls under the category of Realistic Fiction .Realistic Stories are didactic in nature, they teach morality and manners as well as entertain and educate. Experiences of Children are dual in nature, days of happiness and nights of sorrows. The younger generation of this world expects the protagonists to be real heroes and over comers of different entanglements. Real life situations are ready to be ventured by the children. These Realistic fictions refer to stories that could happen to mankind or would happen to people in the future. Marshall considers various components of realism in Literature: (60)  [16]  . Factual realism- descriptions of facts about actual people, class, and places are recorded accurately in a book. Situational realism- realism provided by situation that is not only possible but also likely to happen with identifiable characters making the events believable. Survival stories of life threatening situations are examples that are included in situational realism. Emotional realism- stories that deals with feelings and relationships. Social Realism- fictions that portray the society in both healthy and adverse conditions. Contemporary Realism-stories that describes the present condition focusing on social hazards such as alcoholism, racism, poverty, calamities and homelessness, mental disabilities, alienation from the main stream of society. In general, realistic fictions deal with topics drawn from all aspects of life, either adverse or favorable. The works of Ruskin Bond are from his unconditional love for India, the beauty in nature, choice of simple subjects and simplicity in expression are unique. Though most of his works are simple in subject and expressions, approaching his works in a psychological perspective gives a new meaning for the hidden truths. The selected short stories of Ruskin Bond portray adverse and discouraging social situations, such as homelessness, loss of objects, lack of parental care, death and others, yet these stories permit some cause for optimism. Ruskin Bond portrays Children as suffering protagonists and the conclusion is designed showing ways to trust and understand that problems are part and parcels of life and easy to overcome. Realistic fiction stories are made up of themes relevant for children. The earliest realistic stories such as Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe, books by John Newberry, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are classical examples of Realistic fiction stories. A new period of realistic fiction arouse after 1950s .Stories of unhappy endings, unpleasant constructions, inclusive of antisocial and controversial topics became permissible in children books. Realistic fictions changed the world of Childrens books. The theme of realistic stories provides ways of getting matured by facing and overcoming fears. Emotional experiences such as fears may be caused by external forces as well as internal dangers. In some of the short stories of Ruskin Bond young protagonists are valiant fighters made to overcome a physical or mental danger which is proportionately a measure to the maturing process. Realistic fictions are often with life threatening events, displacements, abandonment and others which reflect contemporary life will encourage, inspire and challenge students towards adulthood (Emer O Sullivan 130-35)  [17]  . 1.6 The Author: Ruskin Bond 1.6.1 The Childhood days Ruskin Bond an honoured contemporary author holds the best place among the modern writers of India. Owen Ruskin Bond the eldest son of Aubrey Alexander Bond was born on May 19th, 1934 at kasauli, a hill station near Sanawar, Himachal Pradesh. Bonds life was miserable; his Sister Ellen who was a little handicapped lived with her grandmother, his younger brother William lived in Calcutta. Bond stayed for a few months in all the cities where his father as a British Officer in Royal Air Forces moved from one station to another. The paternal grandfather of Ruskin Bond, Herbert Williams (1863) came to India as a foot soldier, married Gloriana Elizabeth Enever (1870), a German orphan. Five children were born in different cantonment towns in India. Herbert William died at the age of fifty leaving their children at a very young age. Gloriana (1902) the sister of Aubrey died at a young age and younger sister Alma Eveline (1903) died in an air crash just before the World War II. Later Bonds Fat her took his career in teaching. 1.6.2 The Early Anxieties When Bond was almost eight his mother Agnet Clark remarried another man from Dehradun, Mr.Hari. In some of his works like The Funeral and Once Upon a Monsoon Time he blames his mother for leaving his father during the days of his sickness and leaving Bond alone. Ruskin Bonds youth was terror stricken days, his parents unhappy married life, the sufferings and death of the dearly loved father, and loneliness had a great effect in his life. The positive adaptations of the depressed experiences are expressed in his works. At a young age being deserted by his mother was traumatic. The scrambled family life became worse as his loving Father A. Alexander died when Bond was ten. (Amita Aggarwal, 1)  [18]  . Bond was ill-fated to miss his fathers funeral. The only inheritance was the final letter written by his father anticipating the arrival of Bond for the summer vacation. After the death of Alexander, Bond felt insecure and neglected when he visited Agnet Clark the first time. Unhappy days and quarrelling with his mother gave him shelter in the train platforms and park benches. Then Bond made his way to London and began his career.( http://www.certified-easy.com).  [19]   1.6.3 The Career of Ruskin Bond Bond started his career as a junior clerk in a solicitors office at Jersey, then in a travel agency without any proper experience took over the third job in carrying pay packets to the workers in the Channel Island. The Room on the Roof, helped him to be awarded with The John Llewellyn Rhys Memorial Prize (1957) and lighted bond career into a self esteemed position. It was the right beginning with all trivial experiences that made Bond to portray and express his thoughts in various genres of Literature (Amita Aggarwal, 3). 1.6.4 Works and Achievements Ruskin Bond the pioneer of Childrens literature in India remains a tremendous writer and his contributions are several. Bonds first novel The Room on the Roof (1956) won him John Llewellyn Rhys Prize, a major British Literary prize in 1957 and Sahitya Academy Award for his novel Our Trees Still Grow in Delhi (1991). After his first award bond decided to stay in India and began his writing career successfully spanned it for more than five decades. The government of India awarded him the Padmabhushan title for his English Literature for children in 1999.one of Bonds famous work The Angry River was published in India, France, Germany, Denmark and Italy. Bonds works are of great interest to children, the protagonists are none other than the children themselves. For instance in The Blue Umbrella, the little girl Binya thinks that her beautiful Umbrella is a treasured possession and thinks very proud that she has got the best umbrella in her village. In the Hidden Pool winning a beetle rac e is as great as winning a big tournament. The animal stories are also of great interest, the Grandfathers Private Zoo , Tiger Tiger Burning Bright , and others stories are pleasure giving to children and factual. Bond has written several novels like, Vagrants in the Valley, A Flight of Pigeons and Delhi is Not Far, and a collection of essays like The Lamp Is Lit, poems, more than five hundred short stories and Childrens books. Bond has written some articles with varying topics from ghosts to buffaloes, and some of them were published in The Sunday Statesman, The Hindu and the Tribute. Ruskin Bond caused a great influence in the tender hearts of children, the government has added some of his works like, The Night Train at Deoli, Time Stops At Shamli, and Our Tree Still Grow In Dehra. Some of his works are adapted into movies. The Flight of Pigeons was adapted into a Merchant Ivory movie, Junoon, in 2007 his famous work The Blue Umbrella was made into a film and the movie won the National Award for Best Childrens film. (www.readingrainbow.in)  [20]   Being a famous writer there are some darker sides of life that are expressed in his novellas. The selected short stories are chosen with a reason to show that there are psychological aspects (factors) of both biological and social are mentioned. The loss/distress/ anxiety caused by the factors are studied/ analyzed with the Object Relation theorist D.W. Winnicotts concept. The characters and their plot best suit the experiment of psychoanalysis. Bond has not written novellas with an attitude of entertainment but also for information/lesson for the readers. The selected short stories have immense information for both the society and family in making the younger generation to build a healthy nation. 1.7 The Three Short Stories 1.7.1 The Blue Umbrella- The story is set in a small village where Binya the heroine had two cows, Nellu the blue grey cow and Gori the white fair one. Like most mountain girls Binya was quite sturdy, fair skinned, with pink cheeks and dark eyes and her black hair tied in a pigtail. She wore pretty glass bangles and a leopard claw necklace. This lucky charm was traded for a pretty, frilly, blue, silk, umbrella which was like a flower, a great blue flower that sprung upon the dry brown hillside. Most of the people were envious on Binyas umbrella. The richest man in the village Mr. Ram Bharosa tried to possess the treasured possession of a poor cultivators daughter. This deceitfulness and the treachery encountered to Binya marks the climax of the story. Old Bharosa named as the trusty umbrella thief was excommunicated by the society, underwent a transformation and renowned his name Ram the trustworthy.Binya though younger than Bharosa, was yet a warm giver of her treasured possession. Bharosa too complemented the umbrella for a silver pendent with a bears claw which was even luckier than the leopards claw. Binya sang and walked home through the darkening glade. The trees stood still and listened to her and the mountains were glad. (Ruskin Bond The Blue Umbrella  [21]  ) 1.7.2 The Angry River- The story starts with the description of a big river and the small island in the middle of it, with a small family of Sita, her Grandfather and Grandmother. Three goats, some hens and a small vegetable garden were their possessions. The family lived in a small house with three sides made out of mud, and the other side of the wall was mounted on a big rock. Monsoon has started and there were possibilities of a flood. The old man and his sick wife with the three goats rode swiftly on the river and reached the other bank making their way to the hospital at Shanganj. The little heroine is left alone and her misfortunes started. The rain started pouring out, and the water level increased, village flooded; things were floating, a drowned buffalo being carried rapidly downstream (The Angry River 29). Sitas worst fears increased. River roared higher and their little house was drowned in water. Her only refuge was the tall Peepul tree. Rain poured unabated, her only companion friend Mumta, a little doll stitched with the rag cloths was carried by the forceful current of the river. Sita felt the pain in her arms and at a moment of losing her grip from the branch, she heard a voice reaching out to help and it was Krishna. After tuff turmoil throughout the night Krishna takes her to Shanganj. The next day Sita saw the dazed look in the eyes of the old man, Sita made out that her Grandmother is no more. Grandfather and Sita returned to the island after few days and rebuilt the mud hut. Sita planted a mango tree hoping that she will feast one day sitting on it. Her new companion friend returned playing the flute for her. Sometimes the river is angry, and sometimes it is kind, said Sita. We are part of the river said the boy. We cannot live without it. It is a good river, deep, and strong, beginning in the mountains and ending in the sea. (Ruskin Bond 83, The Angry River).  [22]   1.7.3 The Dust on the Mountain- The summer scourged, the dry winter season began, the hill side was brown and the fields were bare. Bishnu the little protagonist had a lean ox ploughing the hard ground with an old plough. The forest fire was rampant and thousands of Himalayan trees were perishing. The family waited for the monsoon but not a glimpse of symptoms for the rain. The fatherless family waited long to survive the barrenness, nothing to store for the upcoming winter. Bishnu, the man of his family decided to step out and earn money, took a two days journey to Mussoorie and found a job in the cinema tea stall. With a warning to handle the cups and plates carefully Bishnu is fixed at fifty rupees a month. A little servant with family burden worked serving tea and samosas, even kicked on the shin by a college student for having spilt tea on the students shoes. Bishnu managed the cruelty for the sake of the family. After the month of September Bishnu and Chittru set out for limestone quarries which is an eight m ile journey from Mussoorie. They neared the quarries; the limestone dust